The International Criminal Court (ICC) has officially confirmed charges of crimes against humanity against former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte. This decision, announced on April 23, 2026, marks a significant development in the ongoing investigation into Duterte’s controversial war on drugs.
ICC Decision
The ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I released a 50-page document outlining the charges and committing Duterte to trial. The charges stem from alleged crimes committed during his tenure as mayor of Davao City and later as President of the Philippines. The court cited substantial evidence linking Duterte to a systematic campaign of violence.
Confirmed Charges:
Murder in Davao City (2013–2016):
- At least 19 victims.
- Alleged indirect co-perpetration, ordering, or aiding and abetting.
Murder of High-Value Targets (2016–2017):
- At least 14 victims during his presidency.
- Alleged indirect co-perpetration and other forms of complicity.
Murder and Attempted Murder in Barangay Operations (2016–2018):
- At least 45 victims (43 murders and 2 attempted murders).
- Alleged systematic planning and execution.
Evidence and Findings
The ICC’s decision is based on evidence presented during hearings held in February 2026. The court highlighted the existence of a “common plan” between Duterte and his co-perpetrators to target alleged criminals, particularly those linked to drug activities. This plan reportedly involved organized death squads and a hierarchical structure to ensure execution.
Findings include:
- Duterte’s alleged establishment of the Davao Death Squad (DDS) during his mayoral term.
- Expansion of the DDS model nationwide during his presidency.
- Evidence of deliberate, planned, and coordinated attacks against civilians.
Systematic Nature of the Crimes
The ICC emphasized that the attacks were part of a state or organizational policy. Victims were identified as alleged drug users or criminals, and perpetrators were reportedly compensated for their actions. The court also noted Duterte’s public speeches, which allegedly trivialized distinctions between lawful self-defense and unlawful killings.
Next Steps
The ICC’s confirmation of charges paves the way for Duterte’s trial. The court’s findings underscore the gravity of the allegations and the systematic nature of the crimes. This development is expected to have significant implications for accountability and justice in the Philippines.